Burunche’s Blog

Cities for the Levites

“And the Lord spoke to Moses in the plains of Moab by the Jordan across from Jericho, saying: “Command the children of Israel that they give the Levites cities to dwell in from the inheritance of their possession, and you shall also give the Levites common-land around the cities. They shall have the cities to dwell in; and their common-land shall be for their cattle, for their herds, and for all their animals. The common-land of the cities which you will give the Levites shall extend from the wall of the city outward a thousand cubits all around. And you shall measure outside the city on the east side two thousand cubits, on the south side two thousand cubits, on the west side two thousand cubits, and on the north side two thousand cubits. The city shall be in the middle. This shall belong to them as common-land for the cities.

“Now among the cities which you will give to the Levites you shall appoint six cities of refuge, to which a manslayer may flee. And to these you shall add forty-two cities. So all the cities you will give to the Levites shall be forty-eight; these you shall give with their common-land. And the cities which you will give shall be from the possession of the children of Israel; from the larger tribe you shall give many, from the smaller you shall give few. Each shall give some of its cities to the Levites, in proportion to the inheritance that each receives.”

Cities of Refuge

Then the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, “Speak to the children of Israel, and say to them: ‘When you cross the Jordan into the land of Canaan, then you shall appoint cities to be cities of refuge for you, that the manslayer who kills any person accidentally may flee there. They shall be cities of refuge for you from the avenger, that the manslayer may not die until he stands before the congregation in judgment. And of the cities which you give, you shall have six cities of refuge. You shall appoint three cities on this side of the Jordan, and three cities you shall appoint in the land of Canaan, which will be cities of refuge. These six cities shall be for refuge for the children of Israel, for the stranger, and for the sojourner among them, that anyone who kills a person accidentally may flee there.

‘But if he strikes him with an iron implement, so that he dies, he is a murderer; the murderer shall surely be put to death. And if he strikes him with a stone in the hand, by which one could die, and he does die, he is a murderer; the murderer shall surely be put to death. Or if he strikes him with a wooden hand weapon, by which one could die, and he does die, he is a murderer; the murderer shall surely be put to death. The avenger of blood himself shall put the murderer to death; when he meets him, he shall put him to death. (The avenger of blood is a family member who is to avenge the victim.)

If he pushes him out of hatred or, while lying in wait, hurls something at him so that he dies, or in enmity he strikes him with his hand so that he dies, the one who struck him shall surely be put to death. He is a murderer. The avenger of blood shall put the murderer to death when he meets him.

‘However, if he pushes him suddenly without enmity, or throws anything at him without lying in wait, or uses a stone, by which a man could die, throwing it at him without seeing him, so that he dies, while he was not his enemy or seeking his harm, then the congregation shall judge between the manslayer and the avenger of blood according to these judgments. So the congregation shall deliver the manslayer from the hand of the avenger of blood, and the congregation shall return him to the city of refuge where he had fled, and he shall remain there until the death of the high priest who was anointed with the holy oil. But if the manslayer at any time goes outside the limits of the city of refuge where he fled, and the avenger of blood finds him outside the limits of his city of refuge, and the avenger of blood kills the manslayer, he shall not be guilty of blood (murder), because he should have remained in his city of refuge until the death of the high priest. But after the death of the high priest the manslayer may return to the land of his possession.

‘And these things shall be a statute of judgment to you throughout your generations in all your dwellings. Whoever kills a person, the murderer shall be put to death on the testimony of witnesses; but one witness is not sufficient testimony against a person for the death penalty. Moreover you shall take no ransom for the life of a murderer who is guilty of death, but he shall surely be put to death. And you shall take no ransom for him who has fled to his city of refuge, that he may return to dwell in the land before the death of the priest. So you shall not pollute the land where you are; for blood defiles the land, and no atonement can be made for the land, for the blood that is shed on it, except by the blood of him who shed it. Therefore do not defile the land which you inhabit, in the midst of which I dwell; for I the Lord dwell among the children of Israel.’ ”

God is still making advance provision for the fashion in which the Promised Land is to be divided. Now it is the turn of the Levites. God orders that the Levites have a total of forty-eight cities, each with two thousand cubits of common land around it as their inheritance. These cities are to be dotted throughout Israel. Six of these cities are also to serve as cities of refuge for anyone who has accidentally committed murder.

Why are cities of refuge necessary? In the prevailing culture at the time of Moses, once someone dies accidentally or is murdered, it is incumbent on the closest male relative to avenge that death. The shedding of innocent blood brings curses on a land, so this retribution is necessary. Murderers are to be put to death; however, what about those who have accidentally caused someone to die? Perhaps two men are cutting wood together and the axe head flies off the handle of one man’s axe, striking the other and killing him. What should happen to the innocent man? Or perhaps a man’s hand slips as he is throwing a stone at a bird and the stone strikes a passerby, killing him. What should happen to that man? In such cases, God is providing cities of refuge. Manslayers may run to these cities of refuge and remain there until they stand in judgement before the congregation. If the congregation agrees that this death was accidental, the manslayer will remain alive as long as he stays in the city of refuge until the death of the current high priest. But if the manslayer becomes impatient and tries to sneak out, his life is forfeit.

Why is it so important to ensure that true murderers be put to death while the innocent are protected? The shedding of innocent blood brings curses on a land and must be paid for by blood. Repeatedly, God warns “So you shall not pollute the land where you are; for blood defiles the land, and no atonement can be made for the land, for the blood that is shed on it, except by the blood of him who shed it. Therefore do not defile the land which you inhabit, in the midst of which I dwell; for I the Lord dwell among the children of Israel.’ ”

APPLICATION: We read these commands in the Old Testament and automatically dismiss them. After all, those were different times, times in which it was incumbent upon the relatives of someone who had been murdered to enact vengeance on the murderer. But what if we are wrong? What if the shedding of innocent blood still brings curses and defiles a land? The United States legalized abortion in 1973. Since then, hundreds of thousands of infants have been murdered through this heinous practice. While we are flailing around blaming climate change, the use of fossil fuels, etc., we are steadfastly refusing to acknowledge the fact that we have poisoned our own land.

We live and work in Ghana. In recent years, numerous non-governmental organizations have been pushing abortion, offering large amounts of money as an inducement. The Christian Health Association of Ghana, the umbrella organization for mission hospitals and clinics, has refused to countenance abortion in any of its facilities. With so many other forms of birth control readily available, it is ridiculous to insist upon legalizing abortion.

When reading the Old Testament, let’s remember that the God of the Old Testament is also the God of the New Testament and that He is changeless. Let us respect God’s commands and let us study them closely.

PRAYER: Father God, thank You for loving us and for caring for us. Lord, we confess that we have tolerated the murder of infants through abortion. We beg You for forgiveness and ask You to blot out this practice. Help us to follow hard after You all the days of our lives. In the mighty and precious Name of King Jesus. Amen.

The Appointed Boundaries of Canaan

“Then the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, “Command the children of Israel, and say to them: ‘When you come into the land of Canaan, this is the land that shall fall to you as an inheritance—the land of Canaan to its boundaries. Your southern border shall be from the Wilderness of Zin along the border of Edom; then your southern border shall extend eastward to the end of the Salt Sea; your border shall turn from the southern side of the Ascent of Akrabbim, continue to Zin, and be on the south of Kadesh Barnea; then it shall go on to Hazar Addar, and continue to Azmon; the border shall turn from Azmon to the Brook of Egypt, and it shall end at the Sea.

‘As for the western border, you shall have the Great Sea for a border; this shall be your western border.

‘And this shall be your northern border: From the Great Sea you shall mark out your border line to Mount Hor; from Mount Hor you shall mark out your border to the entrance of Hamath; then the direction of the border shall be toward Zedad; the border shall proceed to Ziphron, and it shall end at Hazar Enan. This shall be your northern border.

‘You shall mark out your eastern border from Hazar Enan to Shepham; the border shall go down from Shepham to Riblah on the east side of Ain; the border shall go down and reach to the eastern side of the Sea of Chinnereth; the border shall go down along the Jordan, and it shall end at the Salt Sea. This shall be your land with its surrounding boundaries.’ ”

Then Moses commanded the children of Israel, saying: “This is the land which you shall inherit by lot, which the Lord has commanded to give to the nine tribes and to the half-tribe. For the tribe of the children of Reuben according to the house of their fathers, and the tribe of the children of Gad according to the house of their fathers, have received their inheritance; and the half-tribe of Manasseh has received its inheritance. The two tribes and the half-tribe have received their inheritance on this side of the Jordan, across from Jericho eastward, toward the sunrise.”

The Leaders Appointed to Divide the Land

And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, “These are the names of the men who shall divide the land among you as an inheritance: Eleazar the priest and Joshua the son of Nun. And you shall take one leader of every tribe to divide the land for the inheritance. These are the names of the men: from the tribe of Judah, Caleb the son of Jephunneh; from the tribe of the children of Simeon, Shemuel the son of Ammihud; from the tribe of Benjamin, Elidad the son of Chislon; a leader from the tribe of the children of Dan, Bukki the son of Jogli; from the sons of Joseph: a leader from the tribe of the children of Manasseh, Hanniel the son of Ephod, and a leader from the tribe of the children of Ephraim, Kemuel the son of Shiphtan; a leader from the tribe of the children of Zebulun, Elizaphan the son of Parnach; a leader from the tribe of the children of Issachar, Paltiel the son of Azzan; a leader from the tribe of the children of Asher, Ahihud the son of Shelomi; and a leader from the tribe of the children of Naphtali, Pedahel the son of Ammihud.”

These are the ones the Lord commanded to divide the inheritance among the children of Israel in the land of Canaan.”

What would you do if you knew you were about to die, you had a large amount of work left to do, and you didn’t know the actual day of your death? Moses is trying to address all the problems before he dies so Joshua won’t face a mess. To that end, Moses is minutely describing the boundaries of the Promised Land and designating those who will be responsible for its division among the nine and a half tribes. The Reubenites, the Gadites, and the half tribe of Manasseh have already claimed land on the east side of the Jordan River, so they are no longer a factor. God also chooses leaders from each tribe who will represent the tribes during the casting of lots for the land to make these deliberations as fair as possible.

APPLICATION: Administration is a gift, and very few people actually possess it. Through the years, I have been forced into administrative roles in several different health facilities. The little knowledge I have gained has been earned in the school of hard knocks. I can only liken the process to attempting to cross a strange room in the dark and tripping over every piece of furniture! True administrators are passionate about solving problems thoroughly and ensuring that all the necessary resources will be available. Now consider Moses.

God has already informed Moses that as soon as Moses has helped defeat the Moabites, he will die. Moses is literally living on borrowed time, and he knows it. As Moses’ career winds down, he is most concerned about his successor, Joshua. Who is going to guide Joshua? Who is going to support him? The Israelites are infamous for criticizing, back biting, whining, and generally wimping out whenever things get tough. I am certain that Moses has begged God for clarity on these boundaries, and God has graciously answered. While this chapter might seem tedious to us, these descriptions undoubtedly helped prevent a number of boundary disputes once the Israelites crossed the Jordan and began dividing up the land.

One timeless lesson from this chapter is that God cares about all the minute details of our lives, where we live, what work we do, our means of transportation, etc. It is staggering to realize that when God was creating the Promised Land, He already knew those who would eventually live there.

In Deuteronomy 11:10-12, God tells the Israelites, “For the land which you go to possess is not like the land of Egypt from which you have come, where you sowed your seed and watered it by foot, as a vegetable garden; but the land which you cross over to possess is a land of hills and valleys, which drinks water from the rain of heaven, a land for which the Lord your God cares; the eyes of the Lord your God are always on it, from the beginning of the year to the very end of the year.”  God is omniscient, all-knowing. He cares for each of us just as much as He cared for the ancient Israelites. God’s eyes are on us from the beginning of the year to the very end of the year. Why not trust Him?

PRAYER: Father God, thank You for loving us and for caring for us. Lord, let everyone who reads these words put their trust in You, their Creator and Sustainer. In the mighty and precious Name of King Jesus. Amen.

Israel’s Journey from Egypt Reviewed

“These are the journeys of the children of Israel, who went out of the land of Egypt by their armies under the hand of Moses and Aaron. Now Moses wrote down the starting points of their journeys at the command of the Lord. And these are their journeys according to their starting points:

They departed from Rameses in the first month, on the fifteenth day of the first month; on the day after the Passover the children of Israel went out with boldness in the sight of all the Egyptians. For the Egyptians were burying all their firstborn, whom the Lord had killed among them. Also on their gods the Lord had executed judgments.

Then the children of Israel moved from Rameses and camped at Succoth. They departed from Succoth and camped at Etham, which is on the edge of the wilderness. They moved from Etham and turned back to Pi Hahiroth, which is east of Baal Zephon; and they camped near Migdol. They departed [from before Hahiroth and passed through the midst of the sea into the wilderness, went three days’ journey in the Wilderness of Etham, and camped at Marah. They moved from Marah and came to Elim. At Elim were twelve springs of water and seventy palm trees; so they camped there.

They moved from Elim and camped by the Red Sea. They moved from the Red Sea and camped in the Wilderness of Sin. They journeyed from the Wilderness of Sin and camped at Dophkah. They departed from Dophkah and camped at Alush. They moved from Alush and camped at Rephidim, where there was no water for the people to drink. They departed from Rephidim and camped in the Wilderness of Sinai. They moved from the Wilderness of Sinai and camped at Kibroth Hattaavah (Graves of Craving).

They departed from Kibroth Hattaavah and camped at Hazeroth. They departed from Hazeroth and camped at Rithmah. They departed from Rithmah and camped at Rimmon Perez. They departed from Rimmon Perez and camped at Libnah. They moved from Libnah and camped at Rissah. They journeyed from Rissah and camped at Kehelathah. They went from Kehelathah and camped at Mount Shepher. They moved from Mount Shepher and camped at Haradah. They moved from Haradah and camped at Makheloth. They moved from Makheloth and camped at Tahath. They departed from Tahath and camped at Terah. They moved from Terah and camped at Mithkah. They went from Mithkah and camped at Hashmonah. They departed from Hashmonah and camped at Moseroth. They departed from Moseroth and camped at Bene Jaakan. They moved from Bene Jaakan and camped at Hor Hagidgad. They went from Hor Hagidgad and camped at Jotbathah. They moved from Jotbathah and camped at Abronah. They departed from Abronah and camped at Ezion Geber. They moved from Ezion Geber and camped in the Wilderness of Zin, which is Kadesh. They moved from Kadesh and camped at Mount Hor, on the boundary of the land of Edom.

Then Aaron the priest went up to Mount Hor at the command of the Lord, and died there in the fortieth year after the children of Israel had come out of the land of Egypt, on the first day of the fifth month. Aaron was one hundred and twenty-three years old when he died on Mount Hor.

Now the king of Arad, the Canaanite, who dwelt in the South in the land of Canaan, heard of the coming of the children of Israel.

So they departed from Mount Hor and camped at Zalmonah. They departed from Zalmonah and camped at Punon. They departed from Punon and camped at Oboth. They departed from Oboth and camped at Ije Abarim, at the border of Moab. They departed from Ijim and camped at Dibon Gad. They moved from Dibon Gad and camped at Almon Diblathaim. They moved from Almon Diblathaim and camped in the mountains of Abarim, before Nebo. They departed from the mountains of Abarim and camped in the plains of Moab by the Jordan, across from Jericho. They camped by the Jordan, from Beth Jesimoth as far as the Abel Acacia Grove in the plains of Moab.

Instructions for the Conquest of Canaan

Now the Lord spoke to Moses in the plains of Moab by the Jordan, across from Jericho, saying, “Speak to the children of Israel, and say to them: ‘When you have crossed the Jordan into the land of Canaan, then you shall drive out all the inhabitants of the land from before you, destroy all their engraved stones, destroy all their molded images, and demolish all their high places; you shall dispossess the inhabitants of the land and dwell in it, for I have given you the land to possess. And you shall divide the land by lot as an inheritance among your families; to the larger you shall give a larger inheritance, and to the smaller you shall give a smaller inheritance; there everyone’s inheritance shall be whatever falls to him by lot. You shall inherit according to the tribes of your fathers. But if you do not drive out the inhabitants of the land from before you, then it shall be that those whom you let remain shall be irritants in your eyes and thorns in your sides, and they shall harass you in the land where you dwell. Moreover it shall be that I will do to you as I thought to do to them.’ ”

Socrates is quoted as having said, “The unexamined life is not worth living.” After 40 years on the road, the Israelites have finally reached the borders of the Promised Land. But have they learned anything during those 40 years? The men and women who now inhabit the Israelite camp are the sons and daughters of those who left Egypt because their parents proved faithless and died in the wilderness. Although these people have heard the story of God’s deliverance on the shores of the Red Sea, they have not personally experienced such wonders. Here Moses is reviewing the entire journey in hopes of teaching this new generation the lessons their parents failed to learn. There may be some of these people who cherish notions of waltzing into the Promised Land and having everything and everybody simply fall flat before them. Moses KNOWS that the conquest is going to be difficult and can only hope that Joshua is up to the job.

Notice God’s warnings to the Israelites. “…you shall drive out all the inhabitants of the land from before you, destroy all their engraved stones, destroy all their molded images, and demolish all their high places; you shall dispossess the inhabitants of the land and dwell in it…” “But if you do not drive out the inhabitants of the land from before you, then it shall be that those whom you let remain shall be irritants in your eyes and thorns in your sides, and they shall harass you in the land where you dwell. Moreover it shall be that I will do to you as I thought to do to them.’ ” Racial superiority? Are you kidding? God’s message to the Israelites is simple and blunt: “Mess up, and you’ll be gone!”

APPLICATION: Back in the 1960’s the movie How The West Was Won and the music from the movie were very popular. But the final phrase from the theme song still applies today: “We will remember how the West was won.” In that movie, some settlers died when their raft encountered major rapids on the Ohio River. Some family members died or were badly injured during the Civil War. In one scene, a father is being pronounced dead as his son is being taken off to have a leg amputated. The movie had many messages, but the chief one was that nothing good comes without struggles, trials, and dangers. When we fail to remember the sacrifices of those who have gone before us, we are cheating ourselves.

Moses knows that he is nearing the end of his career as leader of the Israelites and is desperate to make sure that he has told them everything God wants him to impart. To that end, Moses is reviewing the tortuous journey that has led up to the present encampment. It’s quite likely that when Moses was speaking to the Israelites, he gave far more details than are listed here. This chapter is the Cliff’s Notes version.

If we fail to examine our lives, we set ourselves up for more problems. Small lapses can become troublesome habits that will hinder our progress spiritually and otherwise. If we do not allow God to shine His light into our lives, we are making a bad mistake. 1 John 1:8 tells us, “If we say we have no sin, we deceive ourselves and the truth is not in us.”

John 1:4-5 tells us, “In Him was life, and the life was the light of men. And the light shines in the darkness, and the darkness did not comprehend it/overcome it.” We cannot clean up ourselves, but if we will open our lives to God’s light, He will drive away the darkness and do the cleansing we cannot do. Many of us have parts of our pasts that we would rather forget and certainly not have other people know about. But God already knows about that stuff, and He is perfectly capable of dealing with it. Today, why not open your heart to God and allow Him to remove all the dirt and filth so that you can go forward into your future with a clean start?

PRAYER:  Father God, thank You for loving us and for caring for us. Lord, many of us are groaning under heavy emotional burdens-bad memories of wrong things we have done or of wrongs others have done to us. Lord, You are the great Healer. You can clean us completely. Help us to open our minds and hearts to You so that You can do a perfect work in us. In the mighty and precious Name of King Jesus. Amen.

 

The Tribes East of the Jordan (Deuteronomy 3:12-22; Joshua 13:8-14)

“Now the Reubenites and Gadites, who had very large herds and flocks, surveyed the lands of Jazer and Gilead, and they saw that the region was suitable for livestock. So the Gadites and Reubenites came to Moses, Eleazar the priest, and the leaders of the congregation, and said, “Ataroth, Dibon, Jazer, Nimrah, Heshbon, Elealeh, Sebam, Nebo, and Beon, which the LORD conquered before the congregation of Israel, are suitable for livestock—and your servants have livestock.”

“If we have found favor in your sight,” they said, “let this land be given to your servants as a possession. Do not make us cross the Jordan.”

But Moses asked the Gadites and Reubenites, “Shall your brothers go to war while you sit here? Why are you discouraging the Israelites from crossing into the land that the LORD has given them? This is what your fathers did when I sent them from Kadesh-barnea to look over the land.

9For when your fathers went up to the valley of Eshcol and saw the land, they discouraged the Israelites from entering the land that the LORD had given them. So the LORD’s anger was kindled that day, and He swore an oath, saying, ‘Because they did not follow Me wholeheartedly, not one of the men twenty years of age or older who came out of Egypt will see the land that I swore to give Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob— not one except Caleb son of Jephunneh the Kenizzite and Joshua son of Nun—because they did follow the LORD wholeheartedly.’ The LORD’s anger burned against Israel, and He made them wander in the wilderness forty years, until the whole generation who had done evil in His sight was gone.

Now behold, you, a brood of sinners, have risen up in place of your fathers to further stoke the burning anger of the LORD against Israel. For if you turn away from following Him, He will once again leave this people in the wilderness, and you will be the cause of their destruction.”

Then the Gadites and Reubenites approached Moses and said, “We want to build sheepfolds here for our livestock and cities for our little ones. But we will arm ourselves and be ready to go ahead of the Israelites until we have brought them into their place. Meanwhile, our little ones will remain in the fortified cities for protection from the inhabitants of the land. We will not return to our homes until every Israelite has taken possession of his inheritance. Yet we will not have an inheritance with them across the Jordan and beyond, because our inheritance has come to us on the east side of the Jordan.”

Moses replied, “If you will do this—if you will arm yourselves before the LORD for battle, and if every one of your armed men crosses the Jordan before the LORD, until He has driven His enemies out before Him, then when the land is subdued before the LORD, you may return and be free of obligation to the LORD and to Israel. And this land will belong to you as a possession before the LORD. But if you do not do this, you will certainly sin against the LORD—and be assured that your sin will find you out. Build cities for your little ones and folds for your flocks, but do what you have promised.”

The Gadites and Reubenites said to Moses, “Your servants will do just as our lord commands. Our children, our wives, our livestock, and all our animals will remain here in the cities of Gilead. But your servants are equipped for war, and every man will cross over to the battle before the LORD, just as our lord says.”

So Moses gave orders about them to Eleazar the priest, to Joshua son of Nun, and to the family leaders of the tribes of Israel. And Moses said to them, “If the Gadites and Reubenites cross the Jordan with you, with every man armed for battle before the LORD, and the land is subdued before you, you are to give them the land of Gilead as a possession. But if they do not arm themselves and go across with you, they must accept their possession among you in the land of Canaan.”

The Gadites and Reubenites replied, “As the LORD has spoken to your servants, so we will do. We will cross over into the land of Canaan armed before the LORD, that we may have our inheritance on this side of the Jordan.”

So Moses gave to the Gadites, to the Reubenites, and to the half-tribe of Manasseh son of Joseph the kingdom of Sihon king of the Amorites and the kingdom of Og king of Bashan—the land including its cities and the territory surrounding them.

And the Gadites built up Dibon, Ataroth, Aroer, Atroth-shophan, Jazer, Jogbehah, Beth-nimrah, and Beth-haran as fortified cities, and they built folds for their flocks.

The Reubenites built up Heshbon, Elealeh, Kiriathaim, as well as Nebo and Baal-meon (whose names were changed), and Sibmah. And they renamed the cities they rebuilt.

The descendants of Machir son of Manasseh went to Gilead, captured it, and drove out the Amorites who were there. So Moses gave Gilead to the clan of Machir son of Manasseh, and they settled there. Jair, a descendant of Manasseh, went and captured their villages and called them Havvoth-jair (Havvoth-jair means the villages of Jair.) And Nobah went and captured Kenath and its villages and called it Nobah, after his own name.”

Joshua and his men have conquered a large amount of territory east of the Jordan. Surveying the land, the Reubenites, the Gadites, and the men of Manasseh realize that this is prime grazing land, a place where their animals would flourish. These tribes band together and approach Moses, requesting that they be allowed to settle on the east side of the Jordan, rather than receiving an inheritance on the west side with the other tribes. Is this idea a good one? On the one hand, the land is fertile with fine grass. On the other, this decision will put these three groups at additional risk of attack from marauders, since they will not have the Jordan River to protect them. These groups will also be separated from the other Israelites, making it more difficult for the other Israelites to help protect them during such attacks.

Moses is worried that God will interpret these requests as further rebellion against His perfect Will. What if God orders the Israelites to wander off into the wilderness for another forty years? Moses is TIRED and ready to hand over to Joshua; the last thing he wants is another assignment like this one.

The Reubenites, Gadites, and men of Manasseh are so enthusiastic about this land that they pledge to build cities for their families and livestock and then to pass over the Jordan with the rest of the Israelites to help conquer Canaan. Nobody has recorded what the wives and children are thinking about this matter! Those women must be incredibly brave to agree to this plan. In case of emergency, the only means of communication would be messengers who would have to escape attacking forces, ford the Jordan, and make it to the rest of the Israelites. There is also the strong possibility that future groups of Israelites on the west side of Jordan might tell those on the east side, “You made your choice; now deal with it!” On the other hand, two and a half tribes claiming land on the east side of the Jordan means more land for everyone else on the west side. Moses agrees to this plan after those involved promise solemnly to send their fighting men to help conquer Canaan.

APPLICATION: Look at that map and you realize that the Reubenites, Gadites, and Manasseh-ites are risking attack from the Ammonites, the Edomites, the Moabites, and the Arameans. The Moabites have supposedly been wiped out; however, what if some have escaped to Egypt? And what about tribes further to the East that might decide to attack? This decision is a risky one, committing these tribes to continual vigilance for the unseen future.

The men of these tribes are risking everything for the sake of the land they feel can sustain their families and them. The children of these families must grow up always prepared for attack from any quarter. But is this preparedness a bad thing? There is a horrible but true meme on social media showing a huge demon walking hand in hand with a small child. The gist of the meme is that we worry about some influences on our children, yet allow them to be exposed to others that are far worse. When we fail to protect our children, when we fail to establish good communications with them early, we pave the way for all kinds of evil. Sexual predators cruise all kinds of social media looking for beautiful children who may be lured away from their families. Appearing as “angels of light,” these despicable creatures seek out the unhappy and isolated.

Children must be protected, and adults are the only protectors available. When adults choose to behave childishly, shirking their responsibilities, they might as well ask their children to stand in the middle of a super highway, hoping that they won’t get mowed down by the traffic. God has designed families so that they can protect, nurture, encourage, and uphold. When one member of a couple is missing, it is very difficult for the remaining parent to do it all. (Notice, I said “difficult,” not impossible. There are many situations in which one parent has to carry the entire load, and may God bless and honor them for doing so.)

The men of these tribes put their families at risk in hopes of a bright future for those same families. As we make choices today, may God guide us so that the rewards will be worth the risks!

PRAYER: Father God, thank You for loving us and for caring for us. Lord, help us to see when the risks we are taking put others in jeopardy. Help us to follow Your guidance and not our own ambitions. In the mighty and precious Name of King Jesus. Amen.

Vengeance on the Midianites

“And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying: “Take vengeance on the Midianites for the children of Israel. Afterward you shall be gathered to your people.”

So Moses spoke to the people, saying, “Arm some of yourselves for war, and let them go against the Midianites to take vengeance for the Lord on Midian. A thousand from each tribe of all the tribes of Israel you shall send to the war.”

So there were recruited from the divisions of Israel one thousand from each tribe, twelve thousand armed for war. Then Moses sent them to the war, one thousand from each tribe; he sent them to the war with Phinehas the son of Eleazar the priest, with the holy articles and the signal trumpets in his hand. And they warred against the Midianites, just as the Lord commanded Moses, and they killed all the males. They killed the kings of Midian with the rest of those who were killed—Evi, Rekem, Zur, Hur, and Reba, the five kings of Midian. Balaam the son of Beor they also killed with the sword.

And the children of Israel took the women of Midian captive, with their little ones, and took as spoil all their cattle, all their flocks, and all their goods. They also burned with fire all the cities where they dwelt, and all their forts. And they took all the spoil and all the booty—of man and beast.

Return from the War

Then they brought the captives, the booty, and the spoil to Moses, to Eleazar the priest, and to the congregation of the children of Israel, to the camp in the plains of Moab by the Jordan, across from Jericho. And Moses, Eleazar the priest, and all the leaders of the congregation, went to meet them outside the camp. But Moses was angry with the officers of the army, with the captains over thousands and captains over hundreds, who had come from the battle.

And Moses said to them: “Have you kept all the women alive? Look, these women caused the children of Israel, through the counsel of Balaam, to trespass against the Lord in the incident of Peor, and there was a plague among the congregation of the Lord. Now therefore, kill every male among the little ones, and kill every woman who has known a man intimately. But keep alive for yourselves all the young girls who have not known a man intimately. And as for you, remain outside the camp seven days; whoever has killed any person, and whoever has touched any slain, purify yourselves and your captives on the third day and on the seventh day. Purify every garment, everything made of leather, everything woven of goats’ hair, and everything made of wood.”

Then Eleazar the priest said to the men of war who had gone to the battle, “This is the ordinance of the law which the Lord commanded Moses: Only the gold, the silver, the bronze, the iron, the tin, and the lead, everything that can endure fire, you shall put through the fire, and it shall be clean; and it shall be purified with the water of purification. But all that cannot endure fire you shall put through water. And you shall wash your clothes on the seventh day and be clean, and afterward you may come into the camp.”

Division of the Plunder

Now the Lord spoke to Moses, saying: “Count up the plunder that was taken—of man and beast—you and Eleazar the priest and the chief fathers of the congregation; and divide the plunder into two parts, between those who took part in the war, who went out to battle, and all the congregation. And levy a tribute for the Lord on the men of war who went out to battle: one of every five hundred of the persons, the cattle, the donkeys, and the sheep; take it from their half, and give it to Eleazar the priest as a heave offering to the Lord. And from the children of Israel’s half you shall take one of every fifty, drawn from the persons, the cattle, the donkeys, and the sheep, from all the livestock, and give them to the Levites who keep charge of the tabernacle of the Lord.” So Moses and Eleazar the priest did as the Lord commanded Moses.

The booty remaining from the plunder, which the men of war had taken, was six hundred and seventy-five thousand sheep, seventy-two thousand cattle, sixty-one thousand donkeys, and thirty-two thousand persons in all, of women who had not known a man intimately. And the half, the portion for those who had gone out to war, was in number three hundred and thirty-seven thousand five hundred sheep; and the Lord’s tribute of the sheep was six hundred and seventy-five. The cattle were thirty-six thousand, of which the Lord’s tribute was seventy-two. The donkeys were thirty thousand five hundred, of which the Lord’s tribute was sixty-one. The persons were sixteen thousand, of which the Lord’s tribute was thirty-two persons. So Moses gave the tribute which was the Lord’s heave offering to Eleazar the priest, as the Lord commanded Moses.

And from the children of Israel’s half, which Moses separated from the men who fought— now the half belonging to the congregation was three hundred and thirty-seven thousand five hundred sheep, thirty-six thousand cattle, thirty thousand five hundred donkeys, and sixteen thousand persons—and from the children of Israel’s half Moses took one of every fifty, drawn from man and beast, and gave them to the Levites, who kept charge of the tabernacle of the Lord, as the Lord commanded Moses.

Then the officers who were over thousands of the army, the captains of thousands and captains of hundreds, came near to Moses; and they said to Moses, “Your servants have taken a count of the men of war who are under our command, and not a man of us is missing. Therefore we have brought an offering for the Lord, what every man found of ornaments of gold: armlets and bracelets and signet rings and earrings and necklaces, to make atonement for ourselves before the Lord.” So Moses and Eleazar the priest received the gold from them, all the fashioned ornaments. And all the gold of the offering that they offered to the Lord, from the captains of thousands and captains of hundreds, was sixteen thousand seven hundred and fifty shekels. (The men of war had taken spoil, every man for himself.) And Moses and Eleazar the priest received the gold from the captains of thousands and of hundreds, and brought it into the tabernacle of meeting as a memorial for the children of Israel before the Lord.”

God is giving Moses his last assignment: destroy the Midianites who have seduced the Israelites into Baal worship. Per usual, the Israelite scribes are busy keeping accurate records of the Midianite leaders and warriors killed and the booty. David Guzik tells us, “The name of Zur is of some interest. He was the father of Cozbi (Numbers 25:15), the Midianite woman who so flagrantly drew an Israelite man into immorality and idolatry at the very tabernacle itself and was killed with a spear by Phinehas. Cozbi, coming from such a powerful family, was probably something of a priestess of Baal.” (David Guzik, Enduring Word Commentary)  Rather than returning home, Balaam has remained as an advisor to the Midianites and dies for that poor decision. Balaam should have listened to God and remained at home in the first place.

Moses has a daunting task: dealing with an enormous amount of spoil that could completely corrupt the Israelites. Without restrictions, this victory could turn into spiritual disaster. The amount of booty is staggering, especially since God has preserved the Israelites so that they have not lost any soldiers. The soldiers even make an extra offering in gratitude for God’s protection. Notice that the booty is divided among the fighting men, the congregation, and the Lord. The sexually active women must be killed so they won’t seduce the Israelites back into Baal worship. The male children must be killed so that they will not preserve the Midianite culture and take vengeance on the Israelites when they are grown.

Any items that can pass through fire for purification must do so. Any items that cannot stand fire must be washed with water. The fighting men must remain outside the camp for seven days and then wash and purify themselves because they have touched dead bodies. The people and animals given to Eleazar, the high priest, will find a place in the work of the Tabernacle.

APPLICATION: This slide is borrowed from an excellent teaching on this chapter. The question raised here is fundamental: “How are you careful to not allow the things of this world to drag you away from holiness?” Perhaps we also need to ask another question first: How committed to holiness are we in the first place? If we truly love God and want to please Him, we will try to live holy lives, avoiding the stains of the world. This does not mean that we retreat into some remote location, for temptations can find us wherever we go.

I love to do white water kayaking. Running rapids challenges kayakers and canoeists to find the best route with the safest water. One of the first lessons I learned was to look at the river and not at the rocks. If you watch the rocks, you will wind up on them! Sometimes the safe channel might only be the width and depth of the kayak, but that small strip of water will carry you safely past obstacles that could wreck your boat and kill you. In the same manner, focusing on the temptations will land you in temptation. It’s far safer to fix your eyes on God and His perfect Will. Proverbs 23:4-5 tells us, “Do not overwork to be rich; because of your own understanding, cease! Will you set your eyes on that which is not? For riches certainly make themselves wings; they fly away like an eagle toward heaven.” Today, ask God to help you live a holy life pleasing to Him. He will gladly do so.

PRAYER: Father God, thank You for loving us and for caring for us. Lord, help us to look to You and not to any wealth or success for our satisfaction. Help us to follow hard after You all the days of our lives. In the mighty and precious Name of King Jesus. Amen.

The Law Concerning Vows

“Then Moses spoke to the heads of the tribes concerning the children of Israel, saying, “This is the thing which the Lord has commanded: If a man makes a vow to the Lord, or swears an oath to bind himself by some agreement, he shall not break his word; he shall do according to all that proceeds out of his mouth.

“Or if a woman makes a vow to the Lord, and binds herself by some agreement while in her father’s house in her youth, and her father hears her vow and the agreement by which she has bound herself, and her father holds his peace, then all her vows shall stand, and every agreement with which she has bound herself shall stand. But if her father overrules her on the day that he hears, then none of her vows nor her agreements by which she has bound herself shall stand; and the Lord will release her, because her father overruled her.

“If indeed she takes a husband, while bound by her vows or by a rash utterance from her lips by which she bound herself, and her husband hears it, and makes no response to her on the day that he hears, then her vows shall stand, and her agreements by which she bound herself shall stand. But if her husband overrules her on the day that he hears it, he shall make void her vow which she took and what she uttered with her lips, by which she bound herself, and the Lord will release her. “Also any vow of a widow or a divorced woman, by which she has bound herself, shall stand against her.

“If she vowed in her husband’s house, or bound herself by an agreement with an oath, and her husband heard it, and made no response to her and did not overrule her, then all her vows shall stand, and every agreement by which she bound herself shall stand. But if her husband truly made them void on the day he heard them, then whatever proceeded from her lips concerning her vows or concerning the agreement binding her, it shall not stand; her husband has made them void, and the Lord will release her. Every vow and every binding oath to afflict her soul, her husband may confirm it, or her husband may make it void. Now if her husband makes no response whatever to her from day to day, then he confirms all her vows or all the agreements that bind her; he confirms them, because he made no response to her on the day that he heard them. But if he does make them void after he has heard them, then he shall bear her guilt.”

These are the statutes which the Lord commanded Moses, between a man and his wife, and between a father and his daughter in her youth in her father’s house.”

“Don’t promise something if you don’t mean it!” That statement summarizes today’s chapter. If a man makes a vow, he must fulfill it. But what about vows made by women? Here, God lays out several different scenarios. 1. If a woman makes a vow to the Lord while she is still living with her father, her father can allow the vow to stand or he can overrule it, releasing her from the vow. 2. If a woman marries while she is bound by a vow, her husband can allow the vow to stand or overrule it on the day he hears about the vow. 3. A husband who hears about his wife’s vow and only overrules it later will bear the guilt for the woman failing to have fulfilled the vow. 4. Widows and divorced women take responsibility for all their vows because they are not under male authority.

Why is God drawing a distinction between vows made by men and by women? At this time, men are expected to protect the women around them. As protectors, men are responsible for the vows of their women, provided they know about those vows. Divorced women and widows have nobody to protect them

How seriously did people take vows in ancient Israel? Judges 11 tells the story of Jephthah, a mighty warrior who rashly promised to sacrifice the first thing that came to meet him when he returned from the battle. Jephthah was horrified when his cherished daughter, his only child, rushed out to greet him; however, he kept his vow with the agreement of his daughter and sacrificed her. (Judges 11:29-40) Jephthah would have been thrilled had there be someone to release him from that hasty promise.

APPLICATION: In Matthew 5:33-37, Jesus warns his disciples of the danger of swearing oaths. “Again you have heard that it was said to those of old, ‘You shall not swear falsely, but shall perform your oaths to the Lord.’ But I say to you, do not swear at all: neither by heaven, for it is God’s throne; nor by the earth, for it is His footstool; nor by Jerusalem, for it is the city of the great King. Nor shall you swear by your head, because you cannot make one hair white or black. But let your ‘Yes’ be ‘Yes,’ and your ‘No,’ ‘No.’ For whatever is more than these is from the evil one.”

We want God to keep His promises; in fact, we demand that God do so. But are we as faithful? Many times, we say things and then later retract our statements, claiming that we were not really serious in the first place.  It is far better to be careful and to only promise something when we really mean it. Vows are to be fulfilled, not ignored.

One of the saddest situations these days is the high divorce rate. Men and women swear to be faithful to each other through all kinds of problems and yet marriages can fall apart within a few years. Many couples are refusing to marry, feeling that by avoiding swearing these vows, they are being more honest. But not promising to stay with one’s partner has its own risks. Refusing to make vows can lead to a situation in which everything feels temporary and children can feel insecure and at risk, subsequently fearing to commit themselves. Vows can protect a family and a relationship when things are difficult. (Previously divorced and remarried couples please note: This is an observation and not a criticism. Blanket statements are inaccurate at best and frequently hurtful.)

Someone once asked Ruth Bell Graham, Billy Graham’s wife, if she had ever been tempted to leave him. “I’ve never considered divorce,” she said. “Murder, yes, but not divorce.” Undoubtedly, there were many times when Mrs. Graham faced lots of problems while her husband was traveling the world as an evangelist. Some of the Graham children, particularly Franklin, pulled stunts wild enough to try the patience of any parent. But those marriage vows helped keep her on course.

The final lesson from this chapter is this: God is a covenant-keeping God and takes vows very seriously; so should we. It’s fine to take a vow, but think long and hard before you do so. Let’s pray.

PRAYER: Father God, thank You for loving us and for caring for us. Lord, thank You that You always keep Your promises. Help us to think carefully before we promise anything and then to fulfill our promises unless that becomes impossible or we see that we were wrong in the first place. In the mighty and precious Name of King Jesus. Amen.  

The Feast of Trumpets (Leviticus 23:23-25)

“On the first day of the seventh month, you are to hold a sacred assembly, and you must not do any regular work. This will be a day for you to sound the trumpets.

As a pleasing aroma to the LORD, you are to present a burnt offering of one young bull, one ram, and seven male lambs a year old, all unblemished, together with their grain offerings of fine flour mixed with oil—three-tenths of an ephah with the bull, two-tenths of an ephah with the ram, and a tenth of an ephah with each of the seven male lambs. Include one male goat as a sin offering to make atonement for you. These are in addition to the monthly and daily burnt offerings with their prescribed grain offerings and drink offerings. They are a pleasing aroma, an offering made by fire to the LORD.

The Day of Atonement (Leviticus 16:1-34; Leviticus 23:26-32)

On the tenth day of this seventh month, you are to hold a sacred assembly, and you shall humble yourselves; you must not do any work.

Present as a pleasing aroma to the LORD a burnt offering of one young bull, one ram, and seven male lambs a year old, all unblemished, together with their grain offerings of fine flour mixed with oil—three-tenths of an ephah with the bull, two-tenths of an ephah with the ram, and a tenth of an ephah with each of the seven lambs. Include one male goat for a sin offering, in addition to the sin offering of atonement and the regular burnt offering with its grain offering and drink offerings.

The Feast of Tabernacles (Deuteronomy 16:13-17)

On the fifteenth day of the seventh month, you are to hold a sacred assembly; you must not do any regular work, and you shall observe a feast for the LORD for seven days.

As a pleasing aroma to the LORD, you are to present an offering made by fire, a burnt offering of thirteen young bulls, two rams, and fourteen male lambs a year old, all unblemished, along with the grain offering of three-tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil with each of the thirteen bulls, two-tenths of an ephah with each of the two rams, and a tenth of an ephah with each of the fourteen lambs. Include one male goat as a sin offering, in addition to the regular burnt offering with its grain offering and drink offering.

On the second day you are to present twelve young bulls, two rams, and fourteen male lambs a year old, all unblemished, along with the grain and drink offerings for the bulls, rams, and lambs, according to the number prescribed. Include one male goat as a sin offering, in addition to the regular burnt offering with its grain offering and drink offering. On the third day you are to present eleven bulls, two rams, and fourteen male lambs a year old, all unblemished, along with the grain and drink offerings for the bulls, rams, and lambs, according to the number prescribed. Include one male goat as a sin offering, in addition to the regular burnt offering with its grain offering and drink offering.

On the fourth day you are to present ten bulls, two rams, and fourteen male lambs a year old, all unblemished, along with the grain and drink offerings for the bulls, rams, and lambs, according to the number prescribed. Include one male goat as a sin offering, in addition to the regular burnt offering with its grain offering and drink offering.

On the fifth day you are to present nine bulls, two rams, and fourteen male lambs a year old, all unblemished, along with the grain and drink offerings for the bulls, rams, and lambs, according to the number prescribed. Include one male goat as a sin offering, in addition to the regular burnt offering with its grain offering and drink offering.

On the sixth day you are to present eight bulls, two rams, and fourteen male lambs a year old, all unblemished, along with the grain and drink offerings for the bulls, rams, and lambs, according to the number prescribed. Include one male goat as a sin offering, in addition to the regular burnt offering with its grain offering and drink offering.

On the seventh day you are to present seven bulls, two rams, and fourteen male lambs a year old, all unblemished, along with the grain and drink offerings for the bulls, rams, and lambs, according to the number prescribed. Include one male goat as a sin offering, in addition to the regular burnt offering with its grain offering and drink offering.

On the eighth day you are to hold a solemn assembly; you must not do any regular work. As a pleasing aroma to the LORD, you are to present an offering made by fire, a burnt offering of one bull, one ram, and seven male lambs a year old, all unblemished, along with the grain and drink offerings for the bulls, rams, and lambs, according to the number prescribed. Include one male goat as a sin offering, in addition to the regular burnt offering with its grain offering and drink offering.

You are to present these offerings to the LORD at your appointed times, in addition to your vow and freewill offerings, whether burnt offerings, grain offerings, drink offerings, or peace offerings.”

So Moses spoke all this to the Israelites just as the LORD had commanded him.

This chapter concludes the instructions for the last three feasts. Note that each of the feasts requires the same number of bulls, lambs, rams, and male goats, except for the week-long Feast of Tabernacles. The offerings for the Feast of Tabernacles start with thirteen young bulls, two rams, fourteen male lambs, and one male goat, along with the grain and drink offerings. But each successive day, the number of young bulls is reduced, until only seven are required on the seventh day. But on the eighth day, God requires only one young bull, one ram, seven male lambs, along with a male goat. 

APPLICATION: God wants His people to worship and to celebrate as well. The Feast of Trumpets and the Feast of Tabernacles are two of the most joyous occasions in the Jewish religious year. The Day of Atonement, on the other hand, is devoted to reflection, to confession, to reconciliation, and to spiritual cleansing so that worshipers can get a new start. After completing the worship services, participants should feel clean and free to face a new year. (This is a major simplification. For more complete explanations, Google the Day of Atonement.)

One of the congregations with which we have been associated for forty years is a Messianic Jewish congregation. Messianic Jews believe in Jesus as the Messiah but also preserve much of the Jewish order of worship, including celebrating the five feasts. Few things are more moving than celebrating the Day of Atonement by celebrating Jesus as the ultimate blood sacrifice.

1 John 1:8-10 tells us, “If we say that we have no sin, we deceive ourselves, and the truth is not in us. If we confess our sins, He is faithful and just to forgive us our sins and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness. If we say that we have not sinned, we make Him a liar, and His word is not in us.”’

When Jesus was beginning his ministry, a Jewish religious leader named Nicodemus came to him at night to learn if Jesus was the promised Messiah. It was during that conversation that Jesus told Nicodemus, “ For God so loved the world that He gave His only begotten Son, that whoever believes in Him should not perish but have everlasting life. For God did not send His Son into the world to condemn the world, but that the world through Him might be saved.” 

No matter your situation, God loves you and wants you to be with Him in heaven forever. But none of us can earn our way into heaven. We are delivered from our sins because of Jesus’s sacrifice, not because of our virtues. Let’s pray.

PRAYER: Father God, thank You for loving us and for caring for us. Lord, we confess that we have sinned and that we cannot earn our way into heaven. Help everyone who reads these words to trust You for their salvation. In the mighty and precious Name of King Jesus. Amen.

The Daily Offerings (Exodus 29:38-44)

“’Then the LORD said to Moses, “Command the Israelites and say to them: See that you present to Me at its appointed time the food for My offerings by fire, as a pleasing aroma to Me. And tell them that this is the offering by fire you are to present to the LORD: two unblemished year-old male lambs, as a regular burnt offering each day. You are to offer one lamb in the morning and the other at twilight, along with a tenth of an ephah of fine flour as a grain offering, mixed with a quarter hin of oil from pressed olives.

This is a regular burnt offering established at Mount Sinai as a pleasing aroma, an offering made by fire to the LORD. And the drink offering accompanying each lamb shall be a quarter hin. Pour out the offering of fermented drink to the LORD in the sanctuary area. You are to offer the second lamb at twilight, with the same kind of grain offering and drink offering as in the morning. It is an offering made by fire, a pleasing aroma to the LORD.

The Sabbath Offerings

On the Sabbath day, present two unblemished year-old male lambs, accompanied by a grain offering of two-tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil, as well as a drink offering. This is the burnt offering for every Sabbath, in addition to the regular burnt offering and its drink offering.

The Monthly Offerings

At the beginning of every month, you are to present to the LORD a burnt offering of two young bulls, one ram, and seven male lambs a year old, all unblemished, along with three-tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil as a grain offering for each bull, two-tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil as a grain offering for the ram, and a tenth of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil as a grain offering for each lamb. This is a burnt offering, a pleasing aroma, an offering made by fire to the LORD.

Their drink offerings shall be half a hin of wine with each bull, a third of a hin with the ram, and a quarter hin with each lamb. This is the monthly burnt offering to be made at each new moon throughout the year.

In addition to the regular burnt offering with its drink offering, one male goat is to be presented to the LORD as a sin offering.

The Feast of the Passover (Exodus 12:14-28; Leviticus 23:4-8; Deuteronomy 16:1-8)

The fourteenth day of the first month is the LORD’s Passover. On the fifteenth day of this month, there shall be a feast; for seven days unleavened bread is to be eaten. On the first day there is to be a sacred assembly; you are not to do any regular work. Present to the LORD an offering made by fire, a burnt offering of two young bulls, one ram, and seven male lambs a year old, all unblemished. The grain offering shall consist of fine flour mixed with oil; offer three-tenths of an ephah with each bull, two-tenths of an ephah with the ram, and a tenth of an ephah with each of the seven lambs. Include one male goat as a sin offering to make atonement for you.

You are to present these in addition to the regular morning burnt offering. Offer the same food each day for seven days as an offering made by fire, a pleasing aroma to the LORD. It is to be offered with its drink offering and the regular burnt offering.

On the seventh day you shall hold a sacred assembly; you must not do any regular work.

The Feast of Weeks (Deuteronomy 16:9-12) Shavuot, the late spring feast of pilgrimage to Jerusalem; also known as the Feast of Harvest (see Exodus 23:16) or the Feast of Pentecost (see Acts 2:1)

On the day of firstfruits, when you present an offering of new grain to the LORD during the Feast of Weeks, you are to hold a sacred assembly; you are not to do any regular work. Present a burnt offering of two young bulls, one ram, and seven male lambs a year old as a pleasing aroma to the LORD, together with their grain offerings of fine flour mixed with oil—three-tenths of an ephah with each bull, two-tenths of an ephah with the ram, and a tenth of an ephah with each of the seven lambs.

Include one male goat to make atonement for you. Offer them with their drink offerings in addition to the regular burnt offering and its grain offering. The animals must be unblemished.”

Here God is laying out requirements for the offerings for days, Sabbaths, months, and the first two feasts of the Jewish year. Notice the requirements for burnt offerings, grain offerings and drink offerings. Only perfect animals are to be sacrificed, along with fine flour, pressed olive oil, and wine. Lambs are used for the daily offerings, while bulls and rams are used for the monthly offerings and the offerings for the feasts. At Passover and Pentecost male goats are included to make atonement for the sins of the people.

It’s tempting to be bored by these lists; after all, God has already given these commands in Exodus. But God is repeating and summarizing the commands to make sure the Israelites obey them. God also wants to ensure that the Israelites won’t dump defective animals, moldy flour, and inferior-grade olive oil and wine on the Tabernacle, saving the best for themselves.  

All these blood sacrifices are necessary for two reasons: people continue to sin and sin must be paid for with blood. But the blood of an animal can never completely pay for human sin; this remission of sin is only temporary. Permanent relief from sin will come only when Jesus Christ comes as a sinless man dying for the sins of the world.

APPLICATION: Hebrews 9:11-15 tells us, “But when Christ came as high priest of the good things that have come, He went through the greater and more perfect tabernacle that is not made by hands and is not of this creation. He did not enter by the blood of goats and calves, but He entered the Most Holy Place once for all by His own blood, thus securing eternal redemption.

For if the blood of goats and bulls and the ashes of a heifer sprinkled on those who are ceremonially unclean sanctify them so that their bodies are clean, how much more will the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered Himself unblemished to God, purify our consciences from works of death, so that we may serve the living God!

Therefore Christ is the mediator of a new covenant, so that those who are called may receive the promised eternal inheritance, now that He has died to redeem them from the transgressions committed under the first covenant.”

We no longer must slaughter animals to cover our sins. We can believe in the Lord Jesus Christ, trusting that He really has come and has given up His life on Calvary as  a blood offering for our sins. When we truly believe in Jesus Christ, we have forgiveness of sins and cleansing from all unrighteousness. We don’t have to stagger around under a load of sin and guilt and shame any longer. Belief in Christ gives us new hope and new joy, joy that nobody can steal from us. Let’s pray.

PRAYER: Lord Jesus, thank You for coming to earth to live as a sinless man and to die as a sacrifice for our sins. Lord, we want to believe; help our unbelief! We confess that we are sinners and that nothing we can do will be good enough to earn our way into heaven. Now we thank You, that Your blood sacrifice has covered our sins. Help us to live for You for the rest of our lives. In Your mighty and precious Name, King Jesus. Amen.

Inheritance Laws

“Then came the daughters of Zelophehad the son of Hepher, the son of Gilead, the son of Machir, the son of Manasseh, from the families of Manasseh the son of Joseph; and these were the names of his daughters: Mahlah, Noah, Hoglah, Milcah, and Tirzah. And they stood before Moses, before Eleazar the priest, and before the leaders and all the congregation, by the doorway of the tabernacle of meeting, saying: “Our father died in the wilderness; but he was not in the company of those who gathered together against the Lord, in company with Korah, but he died in his own sin; and he had no sons. Why should the name of our father be removed from among his family because he had no son? Give us a possession among our father’s brothers.”

So Moses brought their case before the Lord.

And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying: “The daughters of Zelophehad speak what is right; you shall surely give them a possession of inheritance among their father’s brothers, and cause the inheritance of their father to pass to them. And you shall speak to the children of Israel, saying: ‘If a man dies and has no son, then you shall cause his inheritance to pass to his daughter. If he has no daughter, then you shall give his inheritance to his brothers. If he has no brothers, then you shall give his inheritance to his father’s brothers. And if his father has no brothers, then you shall give his inheritance to the relative closest to him in his family, and he shall possess it.’ ” And it shall be to the children of Israel a statute of judgment, just as the Lord commanded Moses.

Joshua the Next Leader of Israel

Now the Lord said to Moses: “Go up into this Mount Abarim, and see the land which I have given to the children of Israel. And when you have seen it, you also shall be gathered to your people, as Aaron your brother was gathered. For in the Wilderness of Zin, during the strife of the congregation, you rebelled against My command to hallow Me at the waters before their eyes.” (These are the waters of Meribah, at Kadesh in the Wilderness of Zin.)

Then Moses spoke to the Lord, saying: “Let the Lord, the God of the spirits of all flesh, set a man over the congregation, who may go out before them and go in before them, who may lead them out and bring them in, that the congregation of the Lord may not be like sheep which have no shepherd.”

And the Lord said to Moses: “Take Joshua the son of Nun with you, a man in whom is the Spirit, and lay your hand on him; set him before Eleazar the priest and before all the congregation, and inaugurate him in their sight. And you shall give some of your authority to him, that all the congregation of the children of Israel may be obedient. He shall stand before Eleazar the priest, who shall inquire before the Lord for him by the judgment of the Urim. At his word they shall go out, and at his word they shall come in, he and all the children of Israel with him—all the congregation.”

So Moses did as the Lord commanded him. He took Joshua and set him before Eleazar the priest and before all the congregation. And he laid his hands on him and inaugurated him, just as The Lord commanded by the hand of Moses.”

The Israelites are about to enter Canaan, and now God is dealing with very practical matters. The land will be allotted to tribes and to clans within the tribes, but what happens if a man dies who has no sons or who is childless? How can the land be preserved for the tribe? There is a man from the tribe of Manasseh named Zelophahad who has died, leaving four daughters but no sons. These daughters ask for an inheritance within the tribe of Manasseh. God answers, “If a man dies and has no son, then you shall cause his inheritance to pass to his daughter. If he has no daughter, then you shall give his inheritance to his brothers. If he has no brothers, then you shall give his inheritance to his father’s brothers. And if his father has no brothers, then you shall give his inheritance to the relative closest to him in his family, and he shall possess it.’ ”

In an age in which women are generally regarded as chattel, God is demonstrating that He places a high value on them. God is also issuing these laws to prevent fights and lawsuits in the future.

Next, God orders Moses to ascend a mountain from which he can see the Promised Land and then die there. Moses has forfeited the opportunity to enter the Promised Land by failing to honor God at the waters of Meribah. Notice that Moses does not argue with God, but rather begs God to appoint someone who will lead the Israelites wisely. God selects Joshua, who has been Moses’ assistant for years and who has spent long amounts of time in the Tabernacle simply worshiping God. Those years of worship have allowed the Spirit of the Lord to enter Joshua’s heart and mind and to remain there. There is nothing to indicate that Joshua has ever been jockeying for position as the next leader; he has simply been communing with God. Moses inaugurates Joshua in the presence of all the people, laying hands on him and imparting part of his authority.

APPLICATION: Few things can divide a family like a big fight over an inheritance, particularly where love has been given conditionally. Children will fight over everything, including the smallest pieces of jewelry from a parent in the hopes that by possessing these things, they are proving that their mother/father/uncle/aunt really loved them. Lawyers may drag out the settlement of estates for years in hopes of garnering large amounts of money. These struggles can result in long-term resentments and mistrust. Here God is taking steps to prevent such dissension.

After a rocky beginning, Moses has become a class act. When God tells Moses that he must go up on Mount Abarim, see the Promised, and die, Moses doesn’t argue with God. Moses only begs God to anoint a successor who can lead the Israelites successfully. Heaven knows, Moses realizes that his successor must be a man of God with infinite patience, courage, and resourcefulness. God orders Moses to hand over authority to Joshua. God has been preparing Joshua to take over from Moses for forty years. Not only has Joshua accompanied Moses part way up Mount Sinai, but Joshua has remained in the Tabernacle for hours, even after Moses has left to give God’s messages to the people. Close contact with God has allowed the Holy Spirit to enter Joshua’s heart, preparing him for the challenges ahead.

Psalm 75:6-7 tells us, “For exaltation(promotion) comes neither from the east nor from the west nor from the south. But God is the Judge: He puts down one, and exalts another.” Want promotion? Get close to God. Study His Word and worship Him. When the time is right, God will send you to your next assignment, a task for which God has prepared you.

PRAYER: Father God, thank You for loving us and for caring for us. Lord, thank You for preparing a future for each one of us. Help us to study Your Word, to worship You, and to spend time with You so that we will be prepared when You call us into that work. In the mighty and precious Name of King Jesus. Amen.  

The Second Census of Israel (Numbers 1:1-4)

“After the plague had ended, the LORD said to Moses and Eleazar son of Aaron the priest, “Take a census of the whole congregation of Israel by the houses of their fathers—all those twenty years of age or older who can serve in the army of Israel.”

So on the plains of Moab by the Jordan, across from Jericho, Moses and Eleazar the priest issued the instruction, “Take a census of the men twenty years of age or older, as the LORD has commanded Moses.” And these were the Israelites who came out of the land of Egypt:

The Tribe of Reuben

Reuben was the firstborn of Israel. These were the descendants of Reuben: The Hanochite clan from Hanoch, the Palluite clan from Pallu, the Hezronite clan from Hezron, and the Carmite clan from Carmi.

These were the clans of Reuben, and their registration numbered 43,730. Now the son of Pallu was Eliab, and the sons of Eliab were Nemuel, Dathan, and Abiram. It was Dathan and Abiram, chosen by the congregation, who fought against Moses and Aaron with the followers of Korah who rebelled against the LORD. And the earth opened its mouth and swallowed them along with Korah, whose followers died when the fire consumed 250 men. They serve as a warning sign. However, the line of Korah did not die out.

The Tribe of Simeon

These were the descendants of Simeon by their clans: The Nemuelite clan from Nemuel, the Jaminite clan from Jamin, the Jachinite clan from Jachin, the Zerahite clan from Zerah, and the Shaulite clan from Shaul. These were the clans of Simeon, and there were 22,200 men.

The Tribe of Gad

These were the descendants of Gad by their clans: The Zephonite clan from Zephon, the Haggite clan from Haggi, the Shunite clan from Shuni, the Oznite clan from Ozni, the Erite clan from Eri, the Arodite clan from Arod, and the Arelite clan from Areli. These were the clans of Gad, and their registration numbered 40,500.

The Tribe of Judah

The sons of Judah were Er and Onan, but they died in the land of Canaan. These were the descendants of Judah by their clans: The Shelanite clan from Shelah, the Perezite clan from Perez, the Zerahite clan from Zerah. And these were the descendants of Perez: the Hezronite clan from Hezron and the Hamulite clan from Hamul. These were the clans of Judah, and their registration numbered 76,500.

The Tribe of Issachar

These were the descendants of Issachar by their clans: The Tolaite clan from Tola, the Punite clan from Puvah, the Jashubite clan from Jashub, and the Shimronite clan from Shimron. These were the clans of Issachar, and their registration numbered 64,300.

The Tribe of Zebulun

These were the descendants of Zebulun by their clans: The Seredite clan from Sered, the Elonite clan from Elon, and the Jahleelite clan from Jahleel. These were the clans of Zebulun, and their registration numbered 60,500.

The Tribe of Manasseh

The descendants of Joseph included the clans of Manasseh and Ephraim. These were the descendants of Manasseh: The Machirite clan from Machir. Machir was the father of Gilead, the Gileadite clan from Gilead. These were the descendants of Gilead: the Iezerite clan from Iezer, the Helekite clan from Helek, the Asrielite clan from Asriel, the Shechemite clan from Shechem, the Shemidaite clan from Shemida, and the Hepherite clan from Hepher. Now Zelophehad son of Hepher had no sons—only daughters. The names of his daughters were Mahlah, Noah, Hoglah, Milcah, and Tirzah.

These were the clans of Manasseh, and their registration numbered 52,700.

The Tribe of Ephraim

These were the descendants of Ephraim by their clans: The Shuthelahite clan from Shuthelah, the Becherite clan from Becher, and the Tahanite clan from Tahan. And the descendants of Shuthelah were the Eranite clan from Eran. These were the clans of Ephraim, and their registration numbered 32,500.

These clans were the descendants of Joseph.

The Tribe of Benjamin

These were the descendants of Benjamin by their clans: The Belaite clan from Bela, the Ashbelite clan from Ashbel, the Ahiramite clan from Ahiram, the Shuphamite clan from Shupham, and the Huphamite clan from Hupham. And the descendants of Bela from Ard and Naaman were the Ardite clan from Ardf and the Naamite clan from Naaman. These were the clans of Benjamin, and their registration numbered 45,600.

The Tribe of Dan

These were the descendants of Dan by their clans: The Shuhamite clan from Shuham. These were the clans of Dan. All of them were Shuhamite clans, and their registration numbered 64,400.

The Tribe of Asher

These were the descendants of Asher by their clans: The Imnite clan from Imnah, the Ishvite clan from Ishvi, the Beriite clan from Beriah. These were the descendants of Beriah: the Heberite clan from Heber,

and the Malchielite clan from Malchiel. And the name of Asher’s daughter was Serah. These were the clans of Asher, and their registration numbered 53,400.

The Tribe of Naphtali

These were the descendants of Naphtali by their clans: The Jahzeelite clan from Jahzeel, the Gunite clan from Guni, the Jezerite clan from Jezer, and the Shillemite clan from Shillem. These were the clans of Naphtali, and their registration numbered 45,400.

These men of Israel numbered 601,730 in all.

Inheritance by Lot

Then the LORD said to Moses, “The land is to be divided among the tribes as an inheritance, according to the number of names. Increase the inheritance for a large tribe and decrease it for a small one; each is to receive its inheritance according to the number of those registered. Indeed, the land must be divided by lot; they shall receive their inheritance according to the names of the tribes of their fathers. Each inheritance is to be divided by lot among the larger and smaller tribes.”

The Levites Numbered

Now these were the Levites registered by their clans: The Gershonite clan from Gershon, the Kohathite clan from Kohath, and the Merarite clan from Merari. These were the families of the Levites: The Libnite clan, the Hebronite clan, the Mahlite clan, the Mushite clan, and the Korahite clan. Now Kohath was the father of Amram, and Amram’s wife was named Jochebed. She was also a daughter of Levi, born to Levi in Egypt. To Amram she bore Aaron, Moses, and their sister Miriam. Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar were born to Aaron, but Nadab and Abihu died when they offered unauthorized fire before the LORD.

The registration of the Levites totaled 23,000, every male one month old or more; they were not registered among the other Israelites, because no inheritance was given to them among the Israelites.

Only Caleb and Joshua Remain

These were the ones registered by Moses and Eleazar the priest when they numbered the Israelites on the plains of Moab by the Jordan, across from Jericho. Among all these, however, there was not one who had been registered by Moses and Aaron the priest when they numbered the Israelites in the Wilderness of Sinai. For the LORD had told them that they would surely die in the wilderness. Not one was left except Caleb son of Jephunneh and Joshua son of Nun.”

If you’ve skipped the Scripture to read this explanation, don’t feel too bad. This is the chapter where the Book of Numbers really earns its name. What’s the point of this census? Moses needs to know how many men twenty years and older he has who can serve in the army of Israel. In addition, the Israelites are preparing to enter Canaan, where land will be allotted to tribes according to their populations. The Israelites also need to be able to trace their ancestry. This is the first census taken since the census in the Wilderness of Sinai. All the men registered during the first census have died in the wilderness, apart from Joshua and Caleb, as God has promised. There are also some women whose names are included in the census because their fathers have no sons. God wants to make sure that nobody gets slighted.

APPLICATION: Once more, God demonstrates that He knows all our names and those of our families. God has fulfilled His promise that the faithless men who refused to trust the report of Caleb and Joshua would die in the wilderness. Levite males one month old and up are registered because they will not receive an inheritance among the Israelites but will receive other compensation instead. Note that even though Korah led a rebellion against God, God has preserved his descendants as well as the descendants of his co-conspirators.

What’s important about these numbers is the care God is taking so that Israel will have the army needed to conquer Canaan and to ensure a fair distribution of land once the Israelites conquer it. When God was creating the world, He already knew which tribes would occupy which land. God has been planning things for the Israelites even before making those promises to Abraham in Genesis 15.

God doesn’t play favorites. Just as God had plans for the Israelites, so God has plans for each of us. Our task is to find God’s perfect plan for our lives. God is a good God who does not play charades with His children. James 1:5-7 tells us “Now if any of you lacks wisdom, he should ask God, who gives generously to all without finding fault, and it will be given to him. But he must ask in faith, without doubting, because he who doubts is like a wave of the sea, blown and tossed by the wind. That man should not expect to receive anything from the Lord. He is a double-minded man, unstable in all his ways.” Let’s pray.

PRAYER: Father God, thank You for loving us and for caring for us. Lord, many of us are confused and unsure which way to go. Help us to ask You first and then to trust You for the answer. In the mighty and precious Name of King Jesus. Amen.